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JDBC Programming Services
SQL is a language used to create, manipulate, examine, and manage relational databases.
Because SQL is an application-specific language, a single statement can be very expressive
and can initiate high-level actions, such as sorting and merging data. SQL was standardized in 1992 so that
a program could communicate with most database systems without having to change the SQL commands.
Unfortunately, you must connect to a database before sending SQL commands, and each database
vendor has a different interface, as well as different extensions of SQL.
Enter ODBC.
ODBC, a C-based interface to SQL-based database engines, provides a consistent
interface for communicating with a database and for accessing database metadata
(information about the database system vendor, how the data is stored, and so on).
Individual vendors provide specific drivers or "bridges" to their particular database
management system. Consequently, thanks to ODBC and SQL, you can connect to a database
and manipulate it in a standard way. It is no surprise that, although ODBC began as a PC
standard, it has become nearly an industry standard.
Though SQL is well suited for manipulating databases, it is unsuitable as a
general application language and programmers use it primarily as a means of communicating
with databases--another language is needed to feed SQL statements to a database and process
results for visual display or report generation. Unfortunately, you cannot easily write a
program that will run on multiple platforms even though the database connectivity standardization
issue has been largely resolved. For example, if you wrote a database client in C++, you would
have to totally rewrite the client for each platform; that is to say, your PC version would not
run on a Macintosh. There are two reasons for this. First, C++ as a language is not portable for
the simple reason that C++ is not completely specified, for example, how many bits does an int hold?
Second and more importantly, support libraries such as network access and GUI libraries are different
on each platform.
Enter Java.
You can run a Java program on any Java-enabled platform without even recompiling that program.
The Java language is completely specified and, by definition, a Java-enabled platform must
support a known core of libraries. One such library is JDBC, which you can think of as a Java
version of ODBC, and is itself a growing standard. Database vendors are already busy creating
bridges from the JDBC API to their particular systems. JavaSoft has also provided a bridge
driver that translates JDBC to ODBC, allowing you to communicate with legacy databases that
have no idea that Java exists. Using Java in conjunction with JDBC provides a truly portable
solution to writing database applications.
Reference:
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